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Mass production of conducting polymer actuators with reliable performance is envisaged in the field of artificial muscles. In this study, inkjet printing and spin coating – two established technologies for large-scale production – were combined for microactuator fabrication.

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The Pt layer deposited on a cylindrical micro cavity patterned Petri dish, which is produced using a one-step solvent-immersion phase separation, is fabricated for the first time as an FTO-free counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Due to the high specific active surface area of the Pt-deposited honeycomb substrate CE, the efficiency of the DSC using the developed CE substrate is enhanced by 14.5% compared with the device using a Pt-sputtered flat substrate.

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An adaptive higher-order method based on a generalization of polynomial/rational splines over hierarchical T-meshes (PHT/RHT-splines) is introduced. While most problems considered in isogeometric analysis can be solved efficiently when the solution is smooth, many non-trivial simulations have rough solutions. This can be caused, for example, by the presence of re-entrant corners in the domain. For such problems, a tensor-product basis is less suitable for resolving the singularities that appear, as refinement propagates throughout the computational domain.

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In recent decades, increasing interest has been devoted to improving the methods for solar energy conversion using water splitting and CO2 reduction for solar fuel development. Herein, we discuss the historical background, present the current status, and expose development prospects to summarize and highlight the design of photoreactors. First, we discuss how converting CO2 greenhouse gas to renewable fuels by using sustainable sunlight energy can simultaneously solve the problems of global warming and sustainable energy shortage.

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This article presents original work combining a NURBS-based inverse analysis with both kinematic and constitutive nonlinearities to recover the applied loads and deformations of thin shell structures. The inverse formulation is tackled by gradient-based optimization algorithms based on computed and measured displacements at a number of discrete locations. The proposed method allows accurately recovering the target shape of shell structures such that instabilities due to snapping and buckling are captured.

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Wetland roof (WR) could bring many advantages for tropical cities such as thermal benefits, flood control, green coverage and domestic wastewater treatment. This study investigates wastewater treatment and biomass growth of eight local plants in shallow bed WRs. Results showed that removal rates of WRs were 21–28 kg COD ha−1 day−1, 9–13 kg TN ha−1 day−1 and 0.5–0.9 kg TP ha−1 day−1, respectively. The plants generated more biomass at lower hydraulic loading rate (HLR). Dry biomass growth was 0.4–28.1 g day−1 for average HLR of 247–403 m3 ha−1 day−1.

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This study assessed the co-digestion of macro and microalgal biomass towards the improvement of hydrogen production. The red macroalgal biomass (Gelidium amansii) and green mixed microalgal biomass was mixed in a ratio of 8:2, with an initial substrate concentration of 10 g/L, and various amount of inoculum addition range from 3 to 15% (v/v) was evaluated to assess the feasible substrate to inoculum ratio for the effective co-digestion of the algal biomass.

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This study assessed the impact of swine manure (SM) dilution ratio on the microalgal biomass cultivation and further tested for biohydrogen production efficiency from the mixed microalgal biomass. At first, various solid/liquid (S/L) ratio of the SM ranged from 2.5 to 10 g/L was prepared as a nutrient medium for the algal biomass cultivation without addition of the external nutrient sources over a period of 18 d. The peak biomass concentration of 2.57 ± 0.03 g/L was obtained under the initial S/L loading rates of 5 g/L.

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In this paper, we study the hyperstability for the general linear equation in the setting of quasi-Banach spaces. We first extend the fixed point result of Brzdek et al. [5, Theorem 1] in metric spaces to b-metric spaces, in particular to quasi-Banach spaces. Then we use this result to generalize the main results on the hyperstability for the general linear equation in Banach spaces to quasi-Banach spaces. We also show that we can not omit the assumption of completeness in [5, Theorem 1].

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